analysis and comparison of load flow methods for distribution networks considering distributed generation

conventional passive distribution networks are changing to modern active distribution networks which are not radial. conventional load flow methods should be modified for new distribution networks analysis. in modern distribution networks distributed generation (dg) units are embedded with conventional and/or renewable resources. dg units are generally modeled as pv or pq nodes which inject active power electricity to the network. modeling of a dg unit is dependent on the operation and its type of connection to the grid. this paper considers the most important new load flow methods for dg integrated distribution networks. the methods are analyzed and compared with each other. every method has advantages and disadvantages in different conditions. so, comparison of these methods can be useful to select the best method for a typical network. as a result, some suggestions are proposed to apply the new methods.